1
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test six
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00:00:02,530 --> 00:00:06,380
you will hear a number of different
recordings and you'll have to answer
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00:00:06,380 --> 00:00:08,129
questions on what you hear
4
00:00:08,129 --> 00:00:11,610
there will be time for you to read the
instructions
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00:00:11,610 --> 00:00:15,869
and questions and you'll have a chance
to check your work
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00:00:15,869 --> 00:00:19,290
all the recordings will be played once
only
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00:00:19,290 --> 00:00:22,320
the test is in four sections
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00:00:22,320 --> 00:00:27,30
at the end of the test you will be given
10 minutes to transfer your answers
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00:00:27,30 --> 00:00:29,920
to answer sheet
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00:00:29,920 --> 00:00:33,260
now turn to section 1
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section 1
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00:00:35,199 --> 00:00:39,320
you will hear a conversation between an
agent from city how services
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and a customer who wants to have her
house cleaned first you have some time
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to look at questions 124
15
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you will see that there is an example
which has been done for you
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on this occasion only the conversation
relating to this
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will be played first
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good morning
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his for my help you good morning I'd
like to arrange to have my health
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cleaned
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certainly I just need ok a few questions
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first could I take your name yes
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aid bobber hell
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the woman says that she is Barbara Hill
so
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Barbara Hill has been written in the
space
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now we shall begin you should on so the
questions as you listen
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because you will not hear the recording
a second time
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listen carefully and answer questions
one
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24
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this is for my help you good morning I'd
like to arrange to have my health
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cleaned
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certainly I just need up a few questions
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first could I take your name yes
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aids bobber hell thank you next if you
have in London
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yes it thinking stand in south west
London
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K south west London and postcode
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FW 105 and what is the square footage
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and what rooms will be cleaning the
whole house
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00:02:29,880 --> 00:02:34,950
is 268 square feet and there is no need
to clean all the rooms
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00:02:34,950 --> 00:02:38,630
only one to have my bed rooms cleaned K
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how many true health care
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00:02:41,900 --> 00:02:46,160
three bedrooms own nope sorry we used to
have 3 bedrooms
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00:02:46,160 --> 00:02:49,460
but we only have two bedrooms now %uh
those
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00:02:49,460 --> 00:02:53,50
single bedrooms with doubles doubles
following
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00:02:53,50 --> 00:02:57,30
two doubles there's one more room which
need cleaning
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00:02:57,30 --> 00:03:02,320
it was used as a bedroom before and now
we have converted it into an office
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lol you understand three rooms have got
to be cleaned
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are all that those rooms up yes
49
00:03:09,530 --> 00:03:14,20
then downstairs we have a kitchen/diner
conservatory & Lounge
50
00:03:14,20 --> 00:03:17,660
the kitchen diner is quite large and has
the usual equipment
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00:03:17,660 --> 00:03:21,190
cooker with other than refrigerator
cupboards and worktops
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00:03:21,190 --> 00:03:25,890
the conservatory has a lot of plants but
there's no need to take care of them
53
00:03:25,890 --> 00:03:30,359
the lounge has a lead the three piece
suite and a large coffee table
54
00:03:30,360 --> 00:03:35,710
thank you and do you keep any pet yeah I
really love keeping them
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00:03:35,710 --> 00:03:38,850
I've got two dogs and three cats okay
56
00:03:38,850 --> 00:03:42,890
the past of cum over to offer the
service please take your pets away
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00:03:42,890 --> 00:03:47,170
field else Service Pack 2 yes I have one
in front of me
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excellent
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00:03:51,420 --> 00:03:53,920
before you hear the rest of the
conversation
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00:03:53,920 --> 00:04:00,920
you have some time to look at questions
five to 10
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00:04:27,310 --> 00:04:34,310
now listen and answer questions five to
10
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any ext
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named switching bed linen work in the
garden
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clean the glass in the conservatory that
kinda thing on
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00:04:42,700 --> 00:04:47,219
no are actually replacing the bed linen
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00:04:47,220 --> 00:04:50,250
yup that would be good no problem
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I'll just making the held up curtains
mats and carpets
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what would you like to stay with those
items kurten's
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00:04:59,730 --> 00:05:04,470
all have to think about that I think we
should have the carpets cleaned really
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well every quarter
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00:05:05,750 --> 00:05:09,330
match can just be done with the laundry
as before
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from up close we can have a rough start
watch
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00:05:12,740 --> 00:05:16,140
arlen all we have them taken to a dry
cleaner
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00:05:16,140 --> 00:05:19,669
washing and ironing not just ironing
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00:05:19,670 --> 00:05:23,990
that'll be okay okay fine I know quite a
bit about what you want now
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00:05:23,990 --> 00:05:27,690
I should let you know that we are
located on 12 Amy's Road
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that a NY a mmm
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00:05:31,370 --> 00:05:35,880
the wayward on from Monday to Sunday
except Tuesday or Wednesday
79
00:05:35,880 --> 00:05:40,900
could you let me know when is convenient
for you next Friday
80
00:05:40,900 --> 00:05:44,30
a no own that's no good
81
00:05:44,30 --> 00:05:47,210
my son invite his friends over in the
afternoon
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00:05:47,210 --> 00:05:51,820
that day perhaps next Thursday or next
Saturday
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00:05:51,820 --> 00:05:55,750
let me check okay next Thursday
84
00:05:55,750 --> 00:06:00,320
Wayne is it convenient for us to come
over and provide service is okay for
85
00:06:00,320 --> 00:06:01,140
come in the morning
86
00:06:01,140 --> 00:06:04,659
all we may come in the afternoon it
depends on your schedule
87
00:06:04,660 --> 00:06:09,210
I'm okay with any time just give me a
call to let me know you coming before
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00:06:09,210 --> 00:06:12,99
your eyes shortly will
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00:06:12,100 --> 00:06:15,500
by the way how long will it take for the
service we
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00:06:15,500 --> 00:06:18,730
usually work 123 hours self-cleaning
91
00:06:18,730 --> 00:06:22,670
and the work will take three hours at
most and of course
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00:06:22,670 --> 00:06:25,930
if you take more than three hours should
pay extra for it
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00:06:25,930 --> 00:06:32,229
%uh fine so let me just isn't
calculations
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00:06:32,229 --> 00:06:36,530
that is the end of section one you now
have half a minute
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00:06:36,530 --> 00:06:43,530
to check your answers
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00:07:08,830 --> 00:07:13,39
now turn to section two
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00:07:13,39 --> 00:07:15,849
section 2 you'll hear a talk by
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00:07:15,849 --> 00:07:20,280
a security worker from Sydney airport
who is introducing the day-to-day
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00:07:20,280 --> 00:07:23,619
operations of the Australian Quarantine
service
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00:07:23,620 --> 00:07:26,660
first you have some time to look at
questions
101
00:07:26,660 --> 00:07:33,660
11 to 17
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now listen carefully and answer
questions
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11 217
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00:08:05,740 --> 00:08:10,29
hi everyone and welcome to Sydney
Airport today I'll be giving you the
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00:08:10,29 --> 00:08:13,800
inside information on the day-to-day
operations of the Australian Quarantine
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service here
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we hope to provide you with a better
understanding of wise such heavy
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security regulations
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unnecessary by educating you on how we
operate
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00:08:23,639 --> 00:08:28,419
and why we do the things we do you we're
not here to try to persuade you to fly
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00:08:28,419 --> 00:08:29,719
through Sydney Airport
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00:08:29,719 --> 00:08:33,19
that we hope you find your experience
bred to be stress free
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00:08:33,19 --> 00:08:36,500
and comfortable first things first our
personnel
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00:08:36,500 --> 00:08:39,729
can anyone guess how many people work at
Sydney Airport
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we have two hundred alone working in
terminal 2
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00:08:43,479 --> 00:08:48,810
so can you guess how many in the whole
airport I heard someone say 360
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00:08:48,810 --> 00:08:53,469
that's getting closer what did someone
say two thousand
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00:08:53,470 --> 00:08:57,720
that's one way it's you I Sydney Airport
actually employers
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00:08:57,720 --> 00:09:00,899
440 people a lot right
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00:09:00,899 --> 00:09:05,579
and about higher for those employees
work in security-related matters
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00:09:05,579 --> 00:09:08,599
moving on to a not so human employees
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let's come and see our favorite pooch
Milton
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00:09:11,689 --> 00:09:15,649
Milton is our best drug-sniffing dog on
the force
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00:09:15,649 --> 00:09:20,529
he's friendly to most people you can
even come pet him at the end of our tour
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00:09:20,529 --> 00:09:23,889
burnouts be where they he'll find
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00:09:23,889 --> 00:09:28,420
everything noticed that even though
there are so many others around him
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Milton stays quite calm this is the
precise reason he was chosen for the job
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00:09:33,920 --> 00:09:39,139
dogs that have chosen a not predisposed
to sniff out different mark on six
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00:09:39,139 --> 00:09:42,20
that's something we teach them already
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00:09:42,20 --> 00:09:44,930
so here's a part of the airport most
people never notice
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the cargo transport terminal this is
where packages are shipped to you
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and from normally we ship around 4,400
packages per month
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in this airport alone over 52,000
packages were shipped in
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00:10:00,350 --> 00:10:06,40
and out over the past year we ship to
you and from a 170 different countries
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not bad a probably it will go up to over
seventy-two thousand packages this year
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00:10:11,970 --> 00:10:15,340
and despite over 100 flights in an
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00:10:15,340 --> 00:10:19,50
house have had daily the number lost or
delayed packages
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00:10:19,50 --> 00:10:22,750
is impressively low if you send your
package through here
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00:10:22,750 --> 00:10:27,810
rest assured will get it where it's
going let's move on to the area most of
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00:10:27,810 --> 00:10:28,910
us are familiar with
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00:10:28,910 --> 00:10:32,949
the passenger terminals in order to be
allowed into this area
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00:10:32,950 --> 00:10:36,590
you must pass through security with your
ticket and if you're traveling
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00:10:36,590 --> 00:10:37,540
internationally
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00:10:37,540 --> 00:10:40,750
your passport if you're traveling
domestically
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00:10:40,750 --> 00:10:44,470
you just need a legal former ID if you
don't have those
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00:10:44,470 --> 00:10:47,550
you not be allowed to pass through
security in board your flight
147
00:10:47,550 --> 00:10:52,380
during the Security Scan you carry on
items will be checked for dangerous
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00:10:52,380 --> 00:10:54,10
items such as weapons
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00:10:54,10 --> 00:10:57,960
shop objects and liquids that exceed a
specified limit
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00:10:57,960 --> 00:11:01,770
if you attempt to pass any of the
prohibited items on this list
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00:11:01,770 --> 00:11:04,910
posted at the entrance you are still
allowed to board the plane
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00:11:04,910 --> 00:11:08,350
you'll be given a warning a new item
will be confiscated
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00:11:08,350 --> 00:11:12,140
don't worry we will not arrest you for
having too much shampoo in your bag or
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00:11:12,140 --> 00:11:13,000
anything like that
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00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:17,120
we also search or carry on's and parcels
for any parish a blog items
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00:11:17,120 --> 00:11:20,430
we prohibit the transportation local
vegetation
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00:11:20,430 --> 00:11:23,790
and prohibit parcels containing any
insects in them
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00:11:23,790 --> 00:11:27,530
you may or may not have learned about
this in biology class but
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00:11:27,530 --> 00:11:30,839
when some plans to introduce two new
environment they spread
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wildly and wipe out the current species
around it
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00:11:34,180 --> 00:11:37,829
it is important to control the
introduction of new plans
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into an ecosystem so we must prohibit
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the transport have any for tile seeds
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so what happens two parcels containing
possibly suspicious items
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it's of course something we do not take
lightly here
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00:11:50,800 --> 00:11:53,839
if an object passes through the scanner
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00:11:53,839 --> 00:11:57,320
that appear suspicious in any way it is
separated out
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00:11:57,320 --> 00:12:01,230
for manual search by a member of our
trained security personnel
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00:12:01,230 --> 00:12:07,130
if in a legal plant or simple shop
objects like a pocket knife is found
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00:12:07,130 --> 00:12:11,399
it is simply disposed of in our
biohazard waste containers
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00:12:11,399 --> 00:12:14,540
and the package itself is returned to
the sender
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00:12:14,540 --> 00:12:19,709
all passenger if it is for a passenger
flight more serious weapons a reporter
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to high authorities for investigation
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before you hear the rest of the talk you
have some time to look at questions
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00:12:28,970 --> 00:12:35,970
18 to 20
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00:12:45,800 --> 00:12:52,40
now listen and answer questions 18 to 20
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as far as possible security the material
at the possum is important
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00:12:56,290 --> 00:13:00,449
for shipped goods the most common
material used and the most widely
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accepted
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00:13:01,750 --> 00:13:06,890
his paper make sure it is packed sturdy
enough with no rips or tears
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00:13:06,890 --> 00:13:11,589
we've definitely had packages rip open
before due to have house and packing
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00:13:11,589 --> 00:13:15,20
more common problem though is the
package labels
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00:13:15,20 --> 00:13:18,89
when an item does not make it to the
right place
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00:13:18,89 --> 00:13:22,900
this is the most common reason the label
may not be in the right place
185
00:13:22,900 --> 00:13:27,360
hallmarks clearly enough if you're
receiving any items from abroad the must
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00:13:27,360 --> 00:13:28,150
be declared
187
00:13:28,150 --> 00:13:32,160
please remember our guidelines in order
to ensure the timely delivery of your
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00:13:32,160 --> 00:13:32,790
item
189
00:13:32,790 --> 00:13:37,860
make sure it is packed correctly and we
ask that you notify customs
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00:13:37,860 --> 00:13:41,750
between two and ten days within the
items shown jeweled arrival date
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00:13:41,750 --> 00:13:47,410
okay before we move on any questions
192
00:13:47,410 --> 00:13:51,500
that is the end of Section two you now
have half a minute
193
00:13:51,500 --> 00:13:58,500
to check your answers
194
00:14:23,520 --> 00:14:29,790
now turned to Section three
195
00:14:29,790 --> 00:14:33,550
section 3 you will hear librarian called
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00:14:33,550 --> 00:14:36,709
Adam Smith talking to the students about
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00:14:36,710 --> 00:14:40,500
how to use the facilities in the library
first
198
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you have some time to look at questions
21
199
00:14:43,900 --> 00:14:50,900
226
200
00:15:13,840 --> 00:15:17,300
now listen carefully and answer
questions 21
201
00:15:17,300 --> 00:15:22,319
226
202
00:15:22,320 --> 00:15:25,89
welcome please come
203
00:15:25,89 --> 00:15:29,249
over here around the tables my name is
Adam Smith
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and I'm the library in here I'll show
you around today
205
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and explain how to use these facilities
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00:15:36,540 --> 00:15:40,540
hopefully when I'm done with it you'll
know the ropes
207
00:15:40,540 --> 00:15:44,309
then please feel free to let me know
about any questions
208
00:15:44,309 --> 00:15:47,759
or concerns that you may have now
209
00:15:47,759 --> 00:15:52,220
we're at the gate up the library upon
entering into the door
210
00:15:52,220 --> 00:15:55,689
you'll find that the restrooms are on
your left hand side
211
00:15:55,689 --> 00:15:58,910
and opposite them as opposed to copy
room
212
00:15:58,910 --> 00:16:03,100
many have you are wondering about the
checkin and checkout process
213
00:16:03,100 --> 00:16:06,559
what you have to do is go to the
circulation desk
214
00:16:06,559 --> 00:16:09,579
which is to the east to the photocopy
room
215
00:16:09,579 --> 00:16:14,269
the reading room is a really large area
in the center of the library
216
00:16:14,269 --> 00:16:19,319
just to the north up the circulation
desk I'm sure you won't miss it
217
00:16:19,319 --> 00:16:23,860
if you're here to do research this is
where you should bring books to look
218
00:16:23,860 --> 00:16:24,529
through
219
00:16:24,529 --> 00:16:28,279
however if you're here to do any group
projects
220
00:16:28,279 --> 00:16:33,949
or other interactive activities I advise
you to use one of the study rooms
221
00:16:33,949 --> 00:16:38,790
which are just to the east to the
reading room moving on to the southeast
222
00:16:38,790 --> 00:16:39,439
corner
223
00:16:39,439 --> 00:16:43,899
we have the periodical section just next
to the study rooms
224
00:16:43,899 --> 00:16:47,629
we have a collection of different
newspapers and magazines
225
00:16:47,629 --> 00:16:51,89
in this section you can get last week's
weather reports
226
00:16:51,89 --> 00:16:56,209
for all the top stories five years ago
our periodic goals can be traced back
227
00:16:56,209 --> 00:17:00,138
twenty years to the time when our school
library was built
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00:17:00,139 --> 00:17:03,240
up our first question yes
229
00:17:03,240 --> 00:17:07,809
Camry checkout magazine's from the
library I'm sorry but you cannot take
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00:17:07,809 --> 00:17:09,220
any periodicals
231
00:17:09,220 --> 00:17:13,770
out at the library your welcome to read
them for as long as you want while
232
00:17:13,770 --> 00:17:14,579
you're here
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00:17:14,579 --> 00:17:19,319
but you cannot check them out I wonder
if there is any place where we can get
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00:17:19,319 --> 00:17:20,709
some food in the library
235
00:17:20,709 --> 00:17:25,419
do we have a store here of course the
food service center
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00:17:25,419 --> 00:17:30,169
is just meters away from the study rooms
it's on the northeast corner
237
00:17:30,169 --> 00:17:34,620
as you look at the map the food service
center offers different kinds of snacks
238
00:17:34,620 --> 00:17:35,459
though
239
00:17:35,460 --> 00:17:38,350
it's not big well moving on a law
240
00:17:38,350 --> 00:17:42,20
into the west you will find the video
Resource Center
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00:17:42,20 --> 00:17:46,940
on your right hand we have educational
videos and documentaries
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00:17:46,940 --> 00:17:52,720
as well as major motion pictures we ask
that you pay attention to the tag on the
243
00:17:52,720 --> 00:17:54,309
video that you pick up
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00:17:54,309 --> 00:17:57,370
as many of our documentaries are for
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00:17:57,370 --> 00:18:00,489
on-site viewing only and may not be
taken
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00:18:00,490 --> 00:18:04,470
out at the library to the west to the
video Resource Center
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00:18:04,470 --> 00:18:10,760
is our satellite TV station here we
stream the news from channel 19 for most
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00:18:10,760 --> 00:18:11,539
of the day
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00:18:11,539 --> 00:18:17,520
how many channels does it have I it does
have nearly 200 channels
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00:18:17,520 --> 00:18:22,570
but we generally will give top priority
two channels with some big events
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00:18:22,570 --> 00:18:26,330
like presidential addresses or other
breaking news
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00:18:26,330 --> 00:18:30,860
during the coverage other presidential
debate students will take a break from
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00:18:30,860 --> 00:18:31,760
studying in
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00:18:31,760 --> 00:18:37,150
flock to watch it last but perhaps most
important as the inquiry desk
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00:18:37,150 --> 00:18:41,330
it's just on the left hand side when you
walk into the library
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00:18:41,330 --> 00:18:46,570
so it's impossible to miss it if you
have any questions about how to use
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00:18:46,570 --> 00:18:47,350
equipment
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00:18:47,350 --> 00:18:50,840
or where to find something come and ask
the assistant
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00:18:50,840 --> 00:18:56,639
don't be shy because that's what they're
here for
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00:18:56,639 --> 00:19:02,70
before you hear the rest of the talk you
have some time to look at questions 27
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00:19:02,70 --> 00:19:09,70
2:30
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00:19:21,840 --> 00:19:28,379
now listen and answer questions 27 to 30
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speaking of questions one other
questions we get asked is
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00:19:32,150 --> 00:19:36,350
how to actually check out a book once a
student has picked one out
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00:19:36,350 --> 00:19:40,110
if it's a fiction or non-fiction book
look for the pink
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00:19:40,110 --> 00:19:44,80
and yellow check out card inside the
back cover of the book
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00:19:44,80 --> 00:19:48,350
you can also find information about the
book on these cards
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00:19:48,350 --> 00:19:51,418
including its publishing date genre
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00:19:51,419 --> 00:19:55,900
ISBN and a log updates its been checked
out before
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00:19:55,900 --> 00:19:59,409
present this car to me or any library
assistant
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00:19:59,409 --> 00:20:04,59
and we'll Stamford and then the book can
be kept for three weeks
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00:20:04,59 --> 00:20:07,649
you can find general information on a
field of study
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00:20:07,649 --> 00:20:12,370
by using one of our subject guides we
have them on paper here
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00:20:12,370 --> 00:20:16,370
but any of our computers will allow you
to search within fields
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00:20:16,370 --> 00:20:20,779
as well what if the library doesn't have
a resource were looking for
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00:20:20,779 --> 00:20:26,70
great question I'm going to address that
our library is a network with a number
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00:20:26,70 --> 00:20:27,600
of other universities
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00:20:27,600 --> 00:20:31,539
in the area so if there is something
you're looking for and it's available
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00:20:31,539 --> 00:20:33,390
somewhere in the area
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00:20:33,390 --> 00:20:36,409
we'll be able to get it for you however
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00:20:36,409 --> 00:20:39,970
there are universities which are not
part other network
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00:20:39,970 --> 00:20:44,870
so we do not share resources with them
if you want more information
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00:20:44,870 --> 00:20:49,840
about the library and its resources
you'll find it in a labeled blue folder
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00:20:49,840 --> 00:20:50,879
on my desk
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00:20:50,880 --> 00:20:55,320
in the enquirer resection okay so that's
a lot of information
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00:20:55,320 --> 00:20:58,970
all at once and I don't expect you to
remember it all
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00:20:58,970 --> 00:21:03,770
the most important thing is please be
respectful up the staff
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00:21:03,770 --> 00:21:08,330
and if you need help with anything at
all come and ask me or one of the
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00:21:08,330 --> 00:21:09,289
assistants
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00:21:09,289 --> 00:21:13,908
alright any questions
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00:21:13,909 --> 00:21:20,909
that is the end of Section three you now
have hoffa minutes to check your answers
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00:21:48,330 --> 00:21:52,428
now turned to section 4
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00:21:52,429 --> 00:21:53,250
section 4
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00:21:53,250 --> 00:21:56,950
or you will hear a lecture about
Crocodylus niloticus
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00:21:56,950 --> 00:22:03,950
and its living habits first you have
some time to look at questions 31 to 40
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00:22:42,130 --> 00:22:45,570
now listen carefully and answer
questions 31
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00:22:45,570 --> 00:22:49,450
240
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00:22:49,450 --> 00:22:52,600
good morning today we will continue our
study
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00:22:52,600 --> 00:22:56,310
a crocodile it's not a curse by talking
about it living habits
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00:22:56,310 --> 00:22:59,860
we've already discussed the evil is
sherry actually be
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00:22:59,860 --> 00:23:04,260
set it apart from its crocodile
relatives did everyone remember that
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00:23:04,260 --> 00:23:07,910
yes it has an extremely narrow snout
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00:23:07,910 --> 00:23:11,340
and three of all rosa protected scales
on its back
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00:23:11,340 --> 00:23:15,659
as compared to two rows on other members
of the crocodile testiness
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00:23:15,660 --> 00:23:20,120
let's take a look it how these
carnivorous man eaters live
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00:23:20,120 --> 00:23:25,760
where they live and finally whether they
really deserve their vicious reputation
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00:23:25,760 --> 00:23:30,640
to start I'd like to address a great
question posed to me by a student during
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00:23:30,640 --> 00:23:32,310
yesterday's office hours
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00:23:32,310 --> 00:23:36,20
we talked about the distribution of
crocodiles in Africa
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00:23:36,20 --> 00:23:39,520
and saw that they are highly
concentrated in the south and west of
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00:23:39,520 --> 00:23:40,400
the continent
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00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:44,670
this student noticed that on the map
displaying the distribution of
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00:23:44,670 --> 00:23:46,310
crocodiles across Africa
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00:23:46,310 --> 00:23:50,850
there were no crocodiles in the northern
region and found no mention in the
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00:23:50,850 --> 00:23:51,480
literature
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00:23:51,480 --> 00:23:54,750
a the existence crocodiles in the North
Africa
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00:23:54,750 --> 00:23:58,720
why might there be no crocodiles in
North Africa
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00:23:58,720 --> 00:24:02,50
let save this question for later in the
lecture
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00:24:02,50 --> 00:24:06,930
to find out more about the social habits
that the African crocodile
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00:24:06,930 --> 00:24:12,380
one researcher name Thomas shine at the
University of Ulster in northern ireland
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00:24:12,380 --> 00:24:16,150
conducted a survey of the wetlands in
Mauritania
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00:24:16,150 --> 00:24:20,390
and receive reports a 46 crocodiles
living in one group
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00:24:20,390 --> 00:24:23,480
of floaters we say when referring to
crocodiles
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00:24:23,480 --> 00:24:27,150
though the usual number is a little less
than half a fat
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00:24:27,150 --> 00:24:32,750
in general crocodiles a more highly
concentrated in wet stop tropical
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00:24:32,750 --> 00:24:35,330
environments near bodies of water
327
00:24:35,330 --> 00:24:41,30
and rich vegetation while South American
crocodiles thriving cool rainforest
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00:24:41,30 --> 00:24:44,510
the African crocodile is more equipped
for heat
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00:24:44,510 --> 00:24:48,970
though they can survive it the hot
temperatures found in some desert
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00:24:48,970 --> 00:24:53,600
they're not equipped to handle dry
climates and thus cannot survive in
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00:24:53,600 --> 00:24:55,510
places like the Sahara Desert
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00:24:55,510 --> 00:24:58,940
North Africa as cold-blooded animals
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00:24:58,940 --> 00:25:02,29
crocodiles core temperatures fluctuate
from there af
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00:25:02,29 --> 00:25:06,320
which 38 degrees Celsius and external
conditions change
335
00:25:06,320 --> 00:25:09,749
bus they need to avoid extreme
temperatures
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00:25:09,749 --> 00:25:12,999
others livan underwater life
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00:25:12,999 --> 00:25:16,289
keeping a body temperature close to that
of the water
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00:25:16,289 --> 00:25:21,169
as their own unique method regulating
their body temperatures
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00:25:21,169 --> 00:25:24,369
some African crocodiles have made gains
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00:25:24,369 --> 00:25:28,539
by digging holes in the ground to
provide themselves with a cool dark
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00:25:28,539 --> 00:25:29,789
place to retreat
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00:25:29,789 --> 00:25:34,669
from the hot African Sun speaking of the
hot African Sun
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00:25:34,669 --> 00:25:38,469
let's go back to the question I asked at
the beginning of the lecture
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00:25:38,469 --> 00:25:42,669
we know that they used to be crocodiles
in North Africa
345
00:25:42,669 --> 00:25:47,259
yet today there are none what are some
possible explanations for this
346
00:25:47,259 --> 00:25:52,409
some students have suggested that the
African crocodile has evolved from a
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00:25:52,409 --> 00:25:53,419
death a creature
348
00:25:53,419 --> 00:25:57,749
into a wetland creature bus causing them
to migrate south
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00:25:57,749 --> 00:26:02,639
for more appropriate conditions others
presume that the crocodile was hunted
350
00:26:02,639 --> 00:26:03,869
out of northern Africa
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00:26:03,869 --> 00:26:08,218
by a fearsome predator while these are
intelligent guesses
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00:26:08,219 --> 00:26:13,509
the real story as a little bit different
the key to this migration
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00:26:13,509 --> 00:26:17,869
is that the Sahara Desert did not always
cover the North Africa
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00:26:17,869 --> 00:26:22,189
about a thousand years ago the land was
for tell wetlands
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00:26:22,190 --> 00:26:25,839
perfect for breeding crocodiles over
time though
356
00:26:25,839 --> 00:26:29,830
the area dried out and the wetland so he
turned to desert
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00:26:29,830 --> 00:26:34,369
leading African crocodile to migrate
south to the marshlands they call home
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00:26:34,369 --> 00:26:39,720
today
359
00:26:39,720 --> 00:26:41,960
some crocodiles did however
360
00:26:41,960 --> 00:26:45,520
up to living in dry conditions in
Mauritania
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00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:48,539
some crocodiles have learned to survive
in an area
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00:26:48,539 --> 00:26:51,700
where they can go up to eight months
with no water
363
00:26:51,700 --> 00:26:55,590
by spending the drive times in what's
called the torpor
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00:26:55,590 --> 00:27:01,49
or short period in hibernation to
utilize every bit of rainfall
365
00:27:01,49 --> 00:27:05,549
be used as a crocodile steed underground
caves that collects runoff
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00:27:05,549 --> 00:27:09,750
the staying cool and hydrated during the
mating period
367
00:27:09,750 --> 00:27:14,409
in November and December males attract
females to their viciously protected
368
00:27:14,409 --> 00:27:15,169
territory
369
00:27:15,169 --> 00:27:19,270
through a number of behaviors that range
from snapping their jaws
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00:27:19,270 --> 00:27:23,158
all the way to spending infrasonic
pulses through the water
371
00:27:23,159 --> 00:27:26,210
afterwards the female takes a whole
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00:27:26,210 --> 00:27:30,80
up to 60 centimetres in debt to stall
the ex-friend
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00:27:30,80 --> 00:27:35,830
eighty day incubation period the female
protect these eggs during the period
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00:27:35,830 --> 00:27:39,809
and sometimes even helped crack the eggs
with us now to the end
375
00:27:39,809 --> 00:27:43,500
these teeth gnashing carnivals a softer
than we think
376
00:27:43,500 --> 00:27:47,559
although these vicious creatures have
attacked humans on a few occasions
377
00:27:47,559 --> 00:27:51,10
the residents are not afraid of them in
fact
378
00:27:51,10 --> 00:27:54,899
they show a great deal of reverence
towards these wondrous creatures
379
00:27:54,899 --> 00:27:58,309
some say that crocodiles bring water to
the habitat
380
00:27:58,309 --> 00:28:01,460
so if they leave they will bring the
water with them
381
00:28:01,460 --> 00:28:05,750
obviously this is not true but it
demonstrates the admiration the
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00:28:05,750 --> 00:28:08,29
inhabiting people have for crocodiles
383
00:28:08,29 --> 00:28:11,559
January crocodiles do not protect on
humans
384
00:28:11,559 --> 00:28:15,000
they attack when humans populate the
crocodile habitat
385
00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:18,899
instilling fear and uneasiness in the
crocks Mike
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00:28:18,899 --> 00:28:23,10
any other species crocodiles are known
to attack when feeling fear
387
00:28:23,10 --> 00:28:27,289
there's still a lot more to be
discovered about the African crocodile
388
00:28:27,289 --> 00:28:30,950
researchers want to know more about the
population size
389
00:28:30,950 --> 00:28:33,960
how many crocodiles inhabit Africa in
all
390
00:28:33,960 --> 00:28:38,460
how they form separate flow six extra
there is still all so much to learn
391
00:28:38,460 --> 00:28:40,100
about migration patterns
392
00:28:40,100 --> 00:28:44,389
and relations to other populations a
crocodile's now found in other parts of
393
00:28:44,390 --> 00:28:45,90
the world
394
00:28:45,90 --> 00:28:50,340
next time will examine a few specific
case studies a crocodile populations in
395
00:28:50,340 --> 00:28:54,529
southern Africa
396
00:28:54,529 --> 00:29:01,529
that is the end of Section 4 you now
have hoffa minutes to check your answers
397
00:29:28,929 --> 00:29:32,779
that is the end of the listening test in
the aisles test
398
00:29:32,779 --> 00:29:37,130
you will now have 10 minutes to transfer
your answers to answer sheet
Luyện nghe IELTS Listening Test 6 (with key)
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